Antibiotics: Five Mistakes That Could Harm You More Than Help You

A sore throat, persistent cough, and fever don't automatically mean you need antibiotics. These medications work against bacteria but don't fight the viruses that cause colds or flu. Taking them without consulting a doctor can cause side effects and hinder effective treatment.

Using leftover pills from a previous illness, sharing them with loved ones, or changing the duration of treatment yourself is also risky. Here are five mistakes to avoid when using antibiotics.

1. Antibiotic for colds or flu

Even bothersome symptoms don't necessarily mean a bacterial infection. Antibiotics won't cure the flu or a cold, and they don't replace medications used to relieve pain or fever.

The need for its use should be determined by a physician. Persisting or worsening symptoms are grounds for consultation, not for initiating antibiotic therapy on your own.

2. Tablets left over from previous treatment

A medication that helped with a previous illness may not be appropriate for a subsequent infection. Similar symptoms can have different causes, and the choice of treatment also depends on the patient's health and the medications they are taking.

Remaining tablets may not be enough for the recommended course of treatment. They should not be kept as a reserve for "next time." Ask your pharmacist how to safely dispose of unused medications.

3. Stopping the treatment when you feel better

An improvement in your condition does not necessarily mean you should discontinue antibiotics. The recommended dose, dosing interval, and duration of treatment should be adhered to.

You should also not extend your treatment just because there are tablets left in the package. The duration of treatment depends on the doctor's recommendations, not on the size of the package.

If you experience side effects, concerns, or lack of improvement, consult your doctor. He or she may decide to change or discontinue treatment.

4. Sharing antibiotics with others

A cough and fever in two people doesn't mean they both need the same medication. Diagnosis, allergies, other illnesses, and possible interactions with medications taken are all factors.

You should not share your antibiotics with others or use medications prescribed to a family member. This applies even if a similar treatment has previously been effective.

5. The belief that a "stronger" drug will be better

There is no single antibiotic suitable for all infections. The goal is to select a drug that is effective against the bacteria responsible for the disease, at the appropriate dose and for the appropriate duration.

A broader spectrum of action does not automatically translate into better treatment. Inappropriate use of antibiotics promotes the selection of resistant bacteria and exposes patients to adverse effects.

When do you need medical help?

A prolonged fever, worsening of symptoms, or the appearance of new symptoms require medical evaluation. Do not attempt to resolve the problem by changing the antibiotic or increasing the dose yourself.

Shortness of breath, impaired consciousness, or a sudden deterioration in health require urgent assistance. In a life-threatening situation, call 112.

Proper antibiotic use protects the patient and helps maintain the effectiveness of these medications in the future. The most important principles are to treat as directed by a doctor, follow recommendations, and refrain from self-medication.